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Cantaloupes: Planting, Growing, and Harvesting Cantaloupes & Muskmelons | The Old Farmer's Almanac

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Cantaloupes

Botanical Name
Cucumis melo
Plant Type
Fruit
Sun Exposure
Full Sun
Soil pH
Slightly Acidic to Neutral
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Planting, Growing, and Harvesting Cantaloupes

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Cantaloupes are a delicious, heat-loving melon with a relatively long growing season, making them especially well-suited for southern gardeners. Here’s how to grow cantaloupes in your garden!

About Cantaloupes

Cantaloupes are a type of melon with a tan-green rind. Typically, the rind is covered in a spiderweb-like pattern, though some varieties may also be striped. Inside, the flesh is bright orange and sweet. Their growing requirements are similar to that of other popular melons, such as watermelons and honeydew melons.

Cantaloupes vs. Muskmelons

Oddly enough, the melon that is commonly referred to as a ā€œcantaloupeā€ in North America is not actually a true cantaloupe, which are more common in Europe. In fact, our ā€œcantaloupesā€ are a type of muskmelon. (True cantaloupe has a rough, warty rind and is not widely grown or commercially available in the US and Canada.)

In North America, the names ā€œmuskmelonā€ and ā€œcantaloupeā€ are used interchangeably, but we will refer to this fruit simply as ā€œcantaloupeā€ on this page to avoid confusion!

Cantaloupes sliced

Planting

Plant in a spot that gets full sun (6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day). To produce the best melons, the plants need all the light they can get. Plus, afternoon sun will dry off leaves, reducing the risk of fungal diseases that comes with wet foliage.

Cantaloupes do best in well-draining soil that’s a mix between loamy and sandy. (Growing the plants in raised rowsā€”aka ā€œhillsā€ā€”ensures good drainage.) Amend soil with aged manure or compost before planting. Learn more about soil amendments and preparing soil for planting.

Mulching the planting site with black plastic will serve multiple purposes: it will warm the soil ahead of planting, hinder weed growth, and keep developing fruits clean.

When to Plant Cantaloupes

  • Cantaloupes may be started from seed or purchased as young plants from a nursery. In colder regions, starting with young plants is recommended, as it will give you a head start on the growing season.
  • Starting from seed:
    • If you are in a colder region, start seeds indoors 4 to 6 weeks before your last spring frost date. Cantaloupe vines are very tender and should not be transplanted until all danger of frost has passed and soil temperatures remain above 60Ā°F (16Ā°C).
    • If you live in a warmer climate, you may direct sow seeds outdoors as soon as the soil temperature warms to at least 60Ā°F (16Ā°C).

How to Plant Cantaloupes

  • Plant seeds 1 inch deep, 18 inches apart, in hills (or hilled rows) about 3 feet apart.
  • If you have limited space, vines can be trained up a support, such as a trellis.

Cantaloupes growing

Growing
  • If a soil test indicates that nutrients are lacking, fertilize with a standard liquid fertilizer when vines start growing and spreading. Later on, avoid nitrogen-heavy fertilizers, as too much nitrogen can result in lots of foliage and less fruit.
  • Row covers are a good way to keep pests like squash bugs and vine borers at bay.
  • Watering is key. While the plants are growing, blooming, and setting fruit, they need about 2 inches per square foot of water (about 1.5 gallons) per week.
    • Water in the morning, and try to avoid wetting the leaves, as wet foliage encourages fungal and other diseases.
    • If possible, use drip irrigation to keep plants consistently and evenly watered.
    • Mulching around the plants can help to retain moisture.
    • Reduce watering once fruits are growing. Hot, dry weather produces the sweetest melons.
    • If you’ve had an exceptional amount of rainfall during the ripening stage, this can cause bland fruit.
  • Once fruit begins to grow, prune end buds off vines. Your plants may produce fewer melons, but they will be larger and of better quality.
  • Vines produce male and female flowers separately on the same plant. They often begin producing male flowers several weeks before the females appear. (Donā€™t be discouraged when the first blooms do not produce fruit.)
    • As with other cucurbits, melon flowers require pollination to set fruit, so be kind to the bees! Here’s how to pollinate flowers yourself to increase yields (squash flowers are shown as an example, but the principle is the same for melons).
  • If your muskmelons taste bland, the trouble could be a lack of magnesium in sandy soil. Sweeten the fruit by spraying the vines with this solution: Dissolve 6 1/2 tablespoons of Epsom salts and 3 1/3 tablespoons of borax in 5 gallons of water. Spray the foliage when the vines begin to ā€œrunā€ and again when the fruit is about two inches in diameter.
Recommended Varieties
  • ā€˜Ambrosiaā€™ ā€” 85 days to maturity. Among the sweetest varieties.
  • ā€˜Athenaā€™ ā€” 70-80 days to maturity. Early variety that produces large, 5-6 pound fruits. 
  • ā€˜Haleā€™s Best Jumboā€™ ā€” 80-90 days to maturity. Produces 3-pound, aromatic melons.
  • ā€˜Minnesota Midgetā€™ ā€” 70-80 days to maturity. Early variety well-suited for gardens in colder regions. Produces 1-pound, sweetly flavored melons.
  • ā€˜Bush Starā€™ ā€” 90 days to maturity. Bush variety suits gardeners with limited space.
Harvesting

How and When to Harvest Cantaloupes

  • When rinds begin to change from green to tan or yellow, the melon is typically ripe enough to pick. Be careful not to pick too early, however.
  • Look for a crack in the stem where it attaches to the fruit. This is a sign of ripeness as well. The fruit should be easy to separate from the vine, but if they fall off by themselves they are usually overripe.
  • Harvest melon when vines are dry, and be careful not to damage them.
  • Melons will soften after harvesting, but will not continue to sweeten off the vine.
  • Cantaloupe can be stored uncut for 5 or 6 days. If cut, they can last in the refrigerator for about 3 days, wrapped tightly in plastic.
Wit and Wisdom
  • Cantaloupe was named for Cantalupo, a former papal villa near Rome.
Pests/Diseases

Cantaloupe Pests and Diseases
Pest/Disease Type Symptoms Control/Prevention
Aphids Insect Misshapen/yellow leaves; distorted flowers; leaf drop; sticky ā€œhoneydewā€ (excretion) on leaves; sooty, black mold Knock off with water spray; apply insecticidal soap; inspect new plants carefully; use slow-release fertilizers; avoid excess nitrogen; encourage aphid pests such as lacewings, ladybugs, spiders
Cucumber beetles Insect Holes in leaves/flowers; rasped fruit; plants stunted/die; may transmit bacterial wilt (Bacterial wilt signs: wilting; plants die; ends of cut stems, when pressed together for 10 seconds and pulled apart, release stringy, white sap) Handpick; mulch heavily; use row covers; destroy plants infected with bacterial wilt
Cucumber mosaic virus Virus Stunting; mottled green/yellow/white pattern or ringed spots on leaves/fruit; distorted leaf growth; warts on fruit Destroy infected plants; choose resistant varieties and certified virus-free seed; use row covers; disinfect tools; weed; control aphids; use mulch
Fusarium wilt Fungus Plants wilt (sometimes on just one side) in daytime; leaves turn yellow (lower ones first); later, entire plant wilts/dies; stunting; stem cross section reveals brown discoloration Destroy infected plants; avoid excessive nitrogen; in acidic soils, raise pH to 7.0; choose resistant varieties; disinfect tools; rotate crops
Powdery mildew Fungus Typically, white spots on upper leaf surfaces expand to flour-like coating over entire leaves; foliage may yellow/die; distortion/stunting of leaves/flowers Destroy infected leaves or plants; choose resistant varieties; plant in full sun, if possible; ensure good air circulation; spray plants with 1 teaspoon baking soda dissolved in 1 quart water; destroy crop residue
Squash vine borers (moth & larvae) Insect Large, wrinkled larvae become orange-red/black, wasplike, daytime moths; larvae bore into vines; vines wilt suddenly; plants die; mushy area and/or green to orange-yellow, sawdust-like excrement on/near base of plant stem If detected early, slit infested stem lengthwise halfway to remove borer(s), then bury the cut in moist soil to encourage rooting; wrap seedling stems in aluminum foil collar; catch moths with yellow sticky traps; use row covers if no pests previously, but uncover before flowering; destroy crop residue; rotate crops
Recipes
Grilled Cantaloupe With Prosciutto
Muskmelons

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Comments

Kim (not verified)

6 months 3 weeks ago

Hi there!
I followed Ben's advice to dig in raw kitchen compost and now I have 30+ Cantaloupe seedlings growing! Its awesome. I've transplanted a handful of healthy looking plants and some of the others look like they have rust on the first leaves... (cotydons?). What is this and what should I do about it?
Thanks!!
Kim

Love to know how this turned out for you. I had the same compost experience: suspected they were pumpkins at first, but I now have almost ripe cantaloupe hanging off my fence. Didnā€™t gave the rust: did that persist?

It’s hard to know what it could be without seeing a picture, but if seedlings look diseased or otherwise weak, you’re better off just getting rid of them (in the trash, not compost)ā€”especially given that you had so many appear!

Dorothy (not verified)

1 year 5 months ago

Planted in June -
Both vines with many flowers and leaves but no fruit ā€” Iā€™m sad!
What to do? Thank youā€”

Maybe the flower-blossoms are not getting "fertilized due to lack of insects"; there are ways to Pollinate flowers;; I've read;